A significant comparison between collapse and glass transition temperatures
publication date: Sep 29, 2008
Rational freeze-drying process design is based on a representative and accurate measurement of the critical formulation temperature. To avoid product shrinkage or collapse, it is indispensable to control the product temperature just below this key temperature during primary drying. Over the last decades, DSC was routinely used to determine the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze concentrated solute (Tg’), information which was then applied to freeze-drying process design. Recently, Freeze-Dry Microscopy (FDM) was introduced as a new technology to determine an even more representative critical temperature: the collapse temperature (Tc). Today, important technological improvements in FDM even allow more sophisticated observations of collapse behaviour and therefore, further cycle optimization.
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